名词从句

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复句

两个以上的限定从句构成，包括主要从句与从属从句
主要从句是一个本身可以独立的句子
从属从句则需要有连接词或关系词引导
放在主要从句中当做名词使用（称为名词从句）、当做形容词用来修饰名词（称为形容词从句）、或者当做副词使用（称为副词从句）

种类

直述句改造而来的名词从句

只要在直述句前面加上一个单独、无意义的从属连接词that（表示「那句话」或「那件事」），就是一个名词从句，可以放入主要从句中当做名词使用了

I believe that he didn’t take the money.

疑问句改造而来的名词从句

Information Question

有疑问词（如who, which, what, when, why, how, where等）引导的疑问句
里头的疑问词可以充当现成的从属连接词，所以只要把问号拿掉，不必加任何东西就可以直接成为名词从句

I never asked him what happened at his party.

Yes/No Question

疑问句中并没有疑问词
改成名词从句的话必须加上从属连接词whether或if
去掉问号，改成陈述句，加whether或if

By looking at the sky, I can tell whether it is going to rain (or not).

在写作时最好尽量使用whether来表示「是否」、避免使用if

  • Whether只有一种解释，「是否」，if则有「是否」和「如果」两种解释。所以，用whether来表达通常会比用if更清楚
  • 句首位置只能用whether、不能用if来表示「是否」
  • 介词后面可以用whether不能用if

位置

直述句的名词从句：主语 动宾 补语 同位格
疑问句的名词从句：主语 动宾 补语 同位格 介宾

直述句改为名词从句时要外加一个从属连接词that。这个连接词因为只有文法功能而没有实质的意义，所以经常是能省则省

主语位置

That从句
That he didn’t show up on time is strange.
放在句首主语位置的that从句，连接词that不能省略
It is strange (that) he didn’t show up on time.

Wh- 从句
Where he is hiding now is a big mystery.
It is a big mystery where he is hiding now.

动词的宾语位置

That 从句
The defendant said (that) he didn’t do it.
I find it strange (that) he didn’t show up on time.

Wh-从句
He explained why he had bought do much of that stock.

补语位置

That从句
The important thing is (that) we are all right.

Wh-从句
The question is whether we can do anything about it.

同位格位置

That从句
The story (that) he once killed a man might just be true. 他杀过人这个传闻也有可能是真的。

Wh-从句
The question why the dinosaurs died out may never be answered.

介词的宾语位置

只有wh-从句才能直接放在介词后面当宾语使用
My response depends on the question. 我的响应要视一个问题而定。
What did he really mean by that? 他那样讲到底是什么意思？
My response depends on what he really meant by that.

评论从句

类似口头禅的用语，如you know, I guess, I suppose等等，看起来也是限定从句的构造，但是无甚意义，只是放在句中不重要的位置当个点缀

This is your last offer, I suppose? 我想这就是你们最后的条件吧？
He was really afraid, I believe. 我看他是真的怕了。
This trick, you know, will never work. 你晓得，这一招是一定行不通的。

引用句

直接引用句会在引用文字前后加上双引号（”…”）
间接引用句则会把双引号移除、引用文字直接以名词从句方式纳入主要从句中。

请注意直接引句与间接引句在动词时态方面的变化。另外，引用文字可以移到句首来加强语气，这时候主要从句的动词可以选择倒装到主语前面、也可以不倒装

“The road is closed,” said the guard.
“The road is closed,” the guard said.
The road was closed, said the guard.
The road was closed, the guard said.

在写作的时候，引用句如果采用倒装，修辞效果有时候会比较好

The earthquake was a 6.9, said Dr. Chang, Director of the Yangmingshan Geological Observatory.地震六点九级，阳明山地质观测站主任张博士表示。