基本句型

五种基本句型

1. S+V
2. S+V+O
3. S+V+C
4. S+V+O+O
5. S+V+O+C

S 主语 V 动词 O 宾语 C _补语_

I run.
I like you.
I am a student.
I give you an apple.
I make you relax.

动词

类型	句型	特点
及物动词	2,4,5	$+ O$
不及物动词	1,3	$\neq + O$
完全动词	1,2,4	$\neq + C$
不完全动词	3,5	$+ C$

主部与述部

主部
句子主语的部分
什么人或什么东西

述部
叙述工作的部分
这个人或这个东西『怎么样』

补语

只有解释为是的这种动词是空的、完全没有意义的动词,这种动词就需要补语来补足句子的意思

I am a student.

连缀动词
只能够把主语和后面真正在做叙述的部分串连起来

补语
补足句子使它产生完整的意思

SVC

You look pretty. 你看起来很不错。
此时的look换成are,意思不变
You和pretty是等价的
look只起到连接作用

SVOC

I make you relax. 我使你放松。
此时的you和relax隐藏了一个等价的关系。
You are relax. 你是放松的。
用be将其连接来判断句子是不是SVOC.

补语的词类

• 名词: I am a student.
• 形容词: You are good.
• 地方副词: I am here.

没有补语的be动词

解释为存在

我思故我在: I think; therefore I am.

SVOO

I give you an apple.
用be动词来判断是不是SVOC,如果不是就是SVOO
You are an apple.我是一个苹果。
显然句子不对。
所以是SVOO

练习

-	-
The cat meowed pitifully.
The cat caught a mouse.
The cat looked elegant.
He fed the cat canned food.
He called the cat “Fatty.”
Girls love flowers.
Taiwan is an economic powerhouse.
A snake crawls on its belly.
They found the new house very comfortable.
Their friend sold them the house.

答案

-	-
The cat meowed pitifully.	SV
The cat caught a mouse.	SVO
The cat looked elegant.	SVC
He fed the cat canned food.	SVOO
He called the cat “Fatty.”	SVOC
Girls love flowers.	SVO
Taiwan is an economic powerhouse.	SVC
A snake crawls on its belly.	SV
They found the new house very comfortable.	SVOC
Their friend sold them the house.	SVOO